ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the Bolton ratio between Punjabi and Pathan population reporting to Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry [AFID] Rawalpindi
Study Design: Comparative study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics at AFID Rawalpindi from May 2014 till Dec 2014
Material and Methods: On the basis of inclusion criteria; 107 good quality study casts out of 150 patients were selected. They were divided into Punjabi and Pathan groups. Both the Overall Bolton Ratio and Anterior Bolton Ratio were calculated for both of these groups. For comparison of their means an independent t test was applied. A p value was determined for anterior and overall Bolton Ratios at 95% confidence interval
Results: Our sample consisted of 52.3% females and 47.7% males. The percentage of the Punjabi population was 59.9% [n=64] and Pathan population was 40% [n=43]. Our mean Overall Bolton ratio calculated was 90.69%. The mean Anterior Bolton ratio calculation was 78.93%. The mean overall Bolton Ratio for Punjabi population was 90.24 and for Pathan population the Ratio was 91%. The mean anterior ratio for Punjabi population was 78.08 and for Pathan population the ratio was 80.19. The p value for overall ratio was .119 while for the anterior ratio the p value was .091
Conclusion: Differences were noted in Bolton Ratio [Overall Bolton Ratio and Anterior Bolton Ratio], but they were statistically insignificant
ABSTRACT
A Phobia is an intense, unpleasant feeling which may prohibit patients from orthodontic treatment. To evaluate different types of dental phobia in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Descriptive cross- sectional study. Peshawar Dental College Hospital, Peshawar. Duration of study was from August, 2014 to February, 2015. Both males and females reporting for orthodontic treatment that consented to participate in the study were included. All patients were interviewed regarding their fears about the said treatment using structured questionnaire. The information was classified into 3 groups as strongly phobic, moderate phobic and not phobic. A total of 110 patients were selected for the study. Strong phobia was observed in 56%, moderate in 18% whereas 26% were not having phobia. Besides, dental phobia was same at different stages of treatment, higher in the adolescent age and more in females as compared to males. Confidence to ask questions from the dentists was observed in 20% patients. Eighty percent patients were satisfied from the attitude and way of treatment of the orthodontists. Orthodontists should recognize the existence of dental phobia in patients coming for treatment. To reduce phobia, they need to develop skill to communicate effectively with the patients before undertaking any treatment
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the IgA, IgG and IgM levels in the serum samples of type 2 diabetic and Periodontal patients of the Peshawar area having different life style set up. Case control study. This study was carried out on subjects who fulfilled our criteria and agreed to participate in the study were included. They were residents of Peshawar area and visited OPDs of Khyber College of dentistry, Peshawar during July, 2012 to June, 2013. Among 120 participants, 30 were healthy, 30 were with periodontitis, 30 had diabetes and the remaining 30 had both diabetes and periodontitis. All of them had at least 20 natural teeth. Diabetic patients had the disease history minimum of five years while the periodontal patients had clinically confirmed the disease. Blood samples were collected from each of the participant and immunoglobulins A, G and M were measured. The observed data were analyzed accordingly through standard statistical methods. Male patients were found more as compared to females [ratio 1: 0.87] in the two diseases. The age range was 35 to 54 years with the mean 44 +/- 5. As per HBA1C results; 40% had good control of diabetes, 26% moderate while in 34% control was poor. Immunoglobulin A and G levels were found significantly higher [p < 0.05] in the three disease groups as compared to control group. Whereas the concentration of IgM was not changed by the said diseases. Besides, the gender has no influence on the levels of the three immunoglobulins. The IgG levels increased with the increase in severity of the Periodontitis disease. While IgA showed slight decrease with the increase in clinical grades of the Diabetes disease. The result of the current study indicates the role of humoral immune response in the two mentioned diseases. The higher levels of immunoglobins particularly IgA and IgG might be due to protective mechanism against the weak immune response and the increased bacterial challenge in diabetes and periodontitis
ABSTRACT
Cervical vertebrae shape has been proposed as a diagnostic factor for assessing skeletal maturation in orthodontic patients, while Chronologic age is considered a poor indicator of adolescent development. The aim of the study was to correlate the chronologic age with maturational changes in cervical vertebral morphology. The study was conducted on 100 patients [36 males and 64 females] in the age range of 9 to15 years [mean age 12.77 +/- 1.54]. To define vertebral stages, morphological evaluation of three cervical vertebrae [2nd to 4th] was done. The modified version of CVMS [Stage I-V] was used in the study. The spearman rank correlation between chronologic age and cervical vertebral maturation stages was 0.690 [P<.001]. CVM method is more predictable than chronological age alone in establishment of appropriate timing and types of orthodontic treatment